American Orientalism: The United States and the Middle East since 1945, 3rd ed. by Douglas Little

Description

With the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, America's relationship with the Middle East exploded to the forefront of our national consciousness. Looking back more than a half-century, Douglas Little offers valuable, historical context for anyone seeking a better understanding of this complicated relationship. He explores the encounters between the United States and the Middle East since 1945, focusing particularly on the complex, sometimes inconsistent attitudes and interests that have shaped U.S. relations in the region.

Little begins by exposing the persistence of "orientalist" stereotypes in American popular culture and then examines U.S. policy toward the Middle East from many angles. Chapters focus on America's increasing dependence on petroleum; U.S.-Israeli relations; the threat of communism; the rise of revolutionary nationalist movements in Egypt, Iran, Iraq, and Libya; the futility of U.S. military and covert intervention; and the unsuccessful attempt to broker a "peace-for-land" settlement between the Israelis and the Palestinians. The overarching theme of the book is that a combination of American omnipotence and profound cultural misunderstanding ensured that the United States would encounter trouble in the Middle East after 1945 and that those forces continue to bedevil the relationship between these vastly different cultures to the present day.

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Review on H-Net, by Kail Ellis. Published on H-Levant (March, 2004) American Orientalism The title of Douglas Little's book evokes the late Edward Said's seminal work, Orientalism. For Said, orientalism was the conceptual framework that rationalized Western colonialism and its attendant cultural and economic imperialism. It viewed the region and its peoples as essentially "dehumanized" and thereby justified Western domination. Where Said employed the concept to counter pathological stereotypes of Arabs and Muslims as violent, backward, and driven by passion and religious fanaticism, Little employs it to explain American policy in the Middle East since 1945. Read more (opens a pdf page in browser, or you may right-click save the link directly)

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Contents Preface to the Third Edition. What Went Wrong?: Wake Me When September Ends ix Acknowledgments xiii Abbreviations xvii introduction - Gideon’s Band in the Holy Land: We’re Not in Kansas Anymore 1 chapter one - Orientalism, American Style: The Middle East in the Mind of America 9 chapter two - Opening the Door: Business, Diplomacy, and America’s Stake in Middle East Oil 43 chapter three - The Making of a Special Relationship: America and Israel 77 chapter four - A Tale of Four Doctrines: U.S. National Security, the Soviet Threat, and the Middle East 117 chapter five - Sympathy for the Devil?: America, Nasser, and Arab Revolutionary Nationalism 157 chapter six - Modernizing the Middle East: From Reform to Revolution in Iraq, Libya, and Iran 193 chapter seven - Kicking the Vietnam Syndrome: Waging Limited War from the Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf 229 chapter eight - Opportunities Lost and Found: The United States and the Arab-Israeli Peace Process 267 chapter nine - Not Your Father’s Persian Gulf War: The Bush Doctrine, Iraq, and Radical Islam 307 Notes 343 Bibliography 393 Index 421

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