C Primer, 4th Edition

Description

C++ Primer, Fourth Edition has been completely revised and rewritten to conform to today’s C++ usage. Students new to C++ will find a clear and practically organized introduction to the language enhanced by numerous pedagogical aids. The fourth edition represents a complete restructuring and revision of the Primer. The authors’ motivation in this edition is to teach effective styles of modern C++ programming. To this end, they introduce the Standard Library and generic programming much earlier in the text. Many examples have been reformulated to take advantage of library facilities. Their focus is to show how to use the standard library abstractions rather than the low-level facilities built into the language. They’ve also streamlined and reordered the presentation of language topics.

Each chapter also contains a Summary section outlining the important topics covered in that chapter. Extensive forward and backward cross-references are provided to make it easier to follow the interrelationships among various features and concepts. Occasional sidebar discussions are also provided to highlight important concepts, general advice or cautions. The authors have also incorporated a series of short sections that denote particularly important points, warn about common pitfalls, suggest good programming practices, and provide general usage tips.
Preface

C++ is about efficient programming with abstractions.

Over the years, the focus of the language–and of users of the language–has gravitated from emphasizing efficiency to placing more emphasis on using abstractions. This revision of the C++ Primer reflects this change in approach: The book has been completely reorganized and rewritten to highlight modern styles of C++ programming, emphasizing use of the library and generic programming while deemphasizing low-level programming.

Earlier editions of C++ Primer were motivated by changes in the language itself. The Second Edition covered multiple inheritance and templates, features added after the initial releases of C++ but before standardization. The third edition covered the myriad of features refined and/or added as part of international standardization process.

This edition has a very different motivation: applying what’s been learned about how to effectively teach C++, concentrating on modern programming styles that most effectively use the abstraction powers of the language. The language has matured greatly since the days of the first edition of this book. In particular, with the advent of the standard library, it is possible to use C++, and to learn C++ in ways that emphasize abstraction much more than previously had been feasible.

Just as the authorship of the Third Edition was expanded to improve coverage of the ISO Standardization, we’ve expanded authorship of this edition as well. This time, we’ve added Barbara Moo, who brings an understanding of how to teach modern C++ based on years of teaching and writing about C++. In particular, Barbara co-authored (along with Andy Koenig) Accelerated C++, which pioneered the approach of presenting the language by starting with the library. We have adopted many of these ideas in restructuring the Primer.

In addition to restructuring the text, this revision incorporates several new elements intended to enhance the reader’s learning. Each chapter concludes with a Chapter Summary and glossary of Defined Terms that recap the chapter’s most important points. Readers should use these sections as a personal checklist: If an item is unclear go back and restudy the related material until the meaning of the item is obvious. We’ve also incorporated hints, warnings and observations about important topics throughout the text. We hope that these will help readers more quickly digest important concepts and avoid common pitfalls.

What hasn’t changed from earlier versions is that the book remains a comprehensive, tutorial introduction to C++. Our intent is to provide a clear, complete and correct guide to the language. Knowledge of C is not assumed, although familiarity with some modern, block structured language is. This book is intended as a first book on C++; it is not intended as a first book on programming.
Structure of This Book

C++ Primer provides a comprehensive introduction to the International Standard on C++, covering both the language proper and the extensive Library that is part of that Standard. Much of the power of C++ comes from its support for abstractions. Learning to program in C++ effectively requires more than learning a new set of syntax and semantics. Our focus will be on how to use the features of C++ to write programs that are safe, that can be built quickly and yet offer performance comparable to the sorts of low-level programs often written in C.

C++ is a large language and can be daunting to new users. Modern C++ can be thought of as comprising three parts:

* The low-level language, largely inherited from C
* More advanced language features that allow us to build our own abstractions and to organize large-scale programs and systems
* The standard library that uses these advanced features to provide a set of useful data structures and algorithms.

Most texts tend to present the topics in this order: concentrating first on the low-level details, then introducing the more advanced language features and only after having covered the entire language is the standard library explained. The result, all too often, is that readers get bogged down in issues of low-level programming and never really master programming with abstractions let alone how to build their own abstractions.

In this edition we take a completely different tack. We start by covering enough of the library and basic language constructs to allow readers to write significant programs. Our intent is to ignore some of the complexities that may hide in the details of the language so that we can concentrate on how to use the abstractions in the library or those that we could write ourselves. Once we’ve presented enough mechanics to write real programs we’ll move on to concentrate on use of the library. Only after a thorough grounding in using the library will we move onto those features of C++ that enable us to write our own abstractions. Finally, we’ll cover various advanced features, which are of most use in structuring large, complex systems.

Chapter 1 introduces the essential elements of a C++ program and the details of how to get a C++ program compiled and executed. Having read and worked through the exercises in this chapter the reader should have enough familiarity with the basics of the language to write real, albeit simple programs. Along the way, we’ll cover the fundamentals of compiling and executing a program so that you can make the examples work.

Parts I and II cover the basic language and library facilities. The focus of these parts is to learn how to write C++ programs and how to use the abstractions from the library. All readers will need to know essentially everything covered in this portion of the book.

Part I covers The Basics: Data types, expressions, statements and functions. Chapter 2 covers the so-called “built-in” types defined by the language. The following chapter, Chapter 3, introduces the library string, and vector types. In Chapter 4 we look at arrays and pointers. These low-level facilities are built-into the language and are analogous to library vectors and strings. Prior to the advent of the C++ standard and the availability of the library, C++ programs often relied heavily on arrays and pointers. Modern C++ programs in many cases can avoid pointers and arrays using vectors and strings in their place. The types described in these first three chapters form the basic building blocks of all our programs.

Chapter 5 provides a detailed discussion of the expressions supported by the language, such as the arithmetic, relational, and assignment expressions. Statements are the topic of Chapter 6. Chapter 7 shows how functions are defined in C++. Functions encapsulate a set of operations that generally form a single task. Part I closes with a review of the fundamentals of the IO library.

Part II covers The Containers and Algorithms Library. Chapter 9 presents the sequential container types and Chapter 10 the associative containers. The generic algorithms are the topic of Chapter 11.

In addition to teaching the basics of C++, the material in Parts I and II serves another important purpose. The library classes, string, vector and the IO classes, are examples of abstract data types. These types are defined not by the language itself. Instead, they are defined using the same facilities that are available to any C++ programmer. These classes, useful in their own right, are also useful in demonstrating how higher-level, more abstract programs can be written and what they look like. Our experience in teaching C++ is that by first using abstract types, readers find it easier to understand how to build their own types. Parts III through V focus on how we can write our own types.

Part III covers the parts of C++ that let us build our own abstractions. The material covered in Part III is the heart of C++: its support for classes. The class mechanism provides the basis writing our own abstractions. It is also the foundation for object oriented and generic programming.

Chapter 12 presents the basic mechanisms for writing our own types. In C++, a class author controls all aspects of behavior. In particular, the class author specifies what happens when objects of the class type are created, copied, assigned and destroyed. These actions are covered in chapter 13. This part closes with Chapter 14, which covers operator overloading and conversion operators. These operations are important in building types that behave as naturally as the built-in types.

Parts IV and V cover more advanced parts of the language. Part IV covers the C++ features that support two different styles of high-level programming based on abstractions. First is Chapter 15, which presents C++’s support for object-oriented programming. This chapter covers inherited classes and dynamic binding. These facilities let us write programs that can use hierarchies of types without need to care about precise differences among the types in the inheritance.

Chapter 16 covers C++ support for building our own generic functions and classes. Class templates and function templates are the foundation of the standard library. This chapter covers the language features that allow us to write our own type-independent functions and container classes.

The Primer closes with Part V, which covers advanced features. Chapter 17 covers features that are of interest primarily to builders of large systems. Chapter 18 introduces features that are useful for specialized problems.

C++ is intended for use in building large (10s of million lines and more) commercial systems. It incorporates features to support the high-performance, high reliability needs of such systems as well as facilities to enable large groups of programmers to work together on such large bodies of code. Chapter 17 covers exception handling, namespaces and multiple inheritance. These features, while useful on systems of any size, are particularly important on large systems.

Chapter 18 introduces several features that have application to specific rather than general problems. Among the topics covered in this chapter are tools and technique for controlling memory allocation, run-time type identification (RTTI), nested classes, and pointers to class members.

Finally, whenever one writes a book, what one chooses to leave out is often as important as what one covers. Certain aspects of the language–such as a detailed discussion of how constructors work, under what conditions internal temporary objects are created by the compiler, or detailed concerns about efficiency–do not fit well into a tutorial introduction to the language, although they are of general importance to programming real-world applications. Certain portions of the C++ standard library have been intentionally left out, such as the support for locales and the numerical library. The C++ standard library is very extensive, and presenting all its aspects is beyond the scope of this primer.
Changes to the Fourth Edition

The fourth edition represents a complete restructuring and revision of the Primer. Our motivation in this edition is to teach effective styles of modern C++ programming. To this end, we introduce the standard library and generic programming much earlier in the text. The examples have been reformulated to take advantage of library facilities. Our focus is to show how to use the standard library abstractions rather than the low-level facilities built into the language. We’ve also streamlined and reordered the presentation of language topics.

We’ve incorporated a number of aids to enhance learning. When first introduced, important terms are highlighted in the text in bold. Important terms that we assume are already familiar to the reader are highlighted as bold italics. If a term in bold italics is not already familiar, we suggest that readers consider seeking additional help in understanding that concept. Terms first introduced in a chapter are summarized at the end of each Chapter.

Each Chapter also contains a Summary section outlining the important topics covered in that chapter. Extensive forward and backward cross-references are provided to make it easier to follow the interrelationships among various features and concepts. Occasional sidebar discussions are also provided to highlight important concepts, general advice or cautions. We’ve also incorporated a series of short sections that denote particularly important points, warn about common pitfalls, suggest good programming practices, and provide general usage tips.

Link: http://rapidshare.de/files/19999764/ebook0054.rar
Pass: danci

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