Forensic Comparative Science: Qualitative Quantitative Source Determination of Unique Impressions, Images, and Objects

Description

In 1993, a civil case entitled Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, 113 S. Ct. 2786, dealt with the admissibility of scientific evidence in Federal court. The Daubert decision states that the trial judge must screen scientific evidence to ensure it is relevant and reliable; the focus must be solely on principles and methodology, not on the conclusions they generate; and factors the court should consider include testing and validation, peer review, rate of error, and general acceptance within the scientific community. The Daubert decision allows for the validity of evidence to be challenged - particularly in the realm of the comparative sciences (fingerprints, toolmarks, firearms, etc.).

Forensic Comparative Examinations uses the Daubert decision to bring the comparative sciences under one philosophy of understanding in regards to terminology, examination methods, and standards for conclusions. The text covers a summary of philosophy, psychology, and history in the forensic comparative sciences, as well as the development of expertise required to examine images. The book includes very detailed discussions of the examination method of ACE+V, levels within levels of image details of repeatable and unique features of the source, QQ threshold relationships, and standards and ranges for conclusions that need to be consistent throughout the comparative sciences. Examination, conclusions, and legal issues are also presented.

- Brings the forensic comparative sciences into one volume, and applies common terminology in order to improve understanding of evidence standards and meet Daubert challenges
- Provides standards for conclusions including sufficiency vs. insufficiency for comparisons, individualization, agreement vs. disagreement, and level of detail required
- Helps readers understand and appreciate the importance of the comparative sciences to the criminal justice system

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