Product Design and Testing of Polymeric Materials

Description

From Chapter 1:
Ideas for new products generally develop in two ways. Researchers in product development can make technological forecasts of new developments in basic and applied research that could give birth to new products and processes. At the same time or separately, marketing and sales employ the tools of market research to identify unfulfilled needs in the marketplace or opportunities to compete with other products or applications. These two avenues often converge to embody the spirit of new product effort.

What ultimately ensures the financial success of any new product is the demand for it in the marketplace and its cost-effectiveness in manufacturing. Another way of saying this is that when a product is properly designed, it has several key features:

* Has unique performance properties that demand a premium in the marketplace or at the very least provide competitive alternatives to ex- isting materials or products
* Can be manufactured to a specified consistency and in a cost-effective manner
* Does not require alterations during or after production, which can increase the chances of inconsistency
* Performs to the expectations and claims of the manufacturer under the environmental conditions for which it is intended to be used

It is a fair statement, then, that product design has a direct bearing on product quality. The poor design of any product, whether it is the raw plastic or elastomer material itself or the part into which it is ultimately fabricated, such as an insulating jacket for an electrical cable, is what limits 100% quality of conformance and is what will ultimately contribute to failure in the marketplace.

There are many factors that contribute to the success and failures of product development programs, which run the gambit from R&D phiIosophy, to management support, to the technical aspects of synthesis and product testing. It is beyond the scope of this volume to address the philosophy and management approach to proper product development, and indeed, beyond the author's level of expertise. Instead, this book is devoted to the technical aspects of plastics and elastomeric material testing, which plays a crucial role in polymer product development. The book addresses two primary areas of product testing: the principal test methods themselves, and the application of statistical techniques for implementing a proper laboratory program and analysis of test results. By understanding both the test methods and the regression and statistical approaches to planning experiments, the basis for establishing quality products and controlling their properties can be formulated. Along the way, important elements in establishing product development programs are pointed out. In this first chapter we provide terminology and fundamental concepts of polymer science and the philosophy of product development, to orient the reader for later discussions.

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