[request_ebook] Public Policy: An Evolutionary Approach, 3rd Edition

Description

• Author: Stewart, Jr.; Hedge; Lester
• Publisher: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning
• Publish Date: 2007/08/16
• Pages: 304

DESCRIPTION

PUBLIC POLICY: AN EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH, 3e, examines how the substance and process of public policy and our understanding of that have evolved in America. After providing the reader with an analytic, historic and contextual framework for viewing public policy in the U.S., the authors offer a comprehensive look at the various elements of the governing process including agenda setting and problem definition, policy formation, implementation, program evaluation, and policy change and termination. In doing that the authors pay particular attention to the range of theories that have been offered to explain how, why, and with what effects governments act. The authors then look at three critical policy areas -- environment, education, and welfare -- to furher illustrate how governing proceeds in the U.S. Thoroughout the text the authors draw extensively on actual policy examples including recent efforts to reform education and welfare and the war in Iraq.

eText ISBN-10: 0-495-61712-1	eText ISBN-13: 978-0-495-61712-9
Print ISBN-10: 0-534-57494-7	Print ISBN-13: 978-0-534-57494-9

 

Table of Contents

Copyright

Preface

Part I. The Context of Public Policy Studies

1. The Nature of Public Policy

What Do We Mean by Public Policy and Policy Analysis?

Types of Public Policies

The Policy Cycle

The Evolution of Policy Studies

Some Tensions in the Subfield

The Plan of the Book

Discussion Questions

Suggested Readings

Notes

2. The Evolution of Public Policy and Politics in America

The Critical Issues for Governments

Should Government Act?

What Values Should Governments Pursue?

What Actions Should Government Take?

Which Level of Government Should Govern?

The Changing Face of America’s Political System

Federalism

Separation of Powers

Political Culture

Pluralism

Ideology and Public Opinion

The Evolution of American Public Policy

The Long-Term View: Some Recurring Patterns in American Public Policy

The Near-Term View: America in Transition

Summary

Discussion Questions

Suggested Readings

Notes

3. Approaches to Policy Analysis

Specific Approaches to Policy Analysis

The Process Approach

The Substantive Approach

The Logical Positivist Approach

The Economic Approach

The Phenomenological (Post-Positivist) Approach

The Participatory Approach

The Normative or Prescriptive Approach

The Ideological Approach

The Historical Approach

Still Other Approaches

On Becoming a Better Policy Scientist

Discussion Questions

Suggested Readings

Notes

4. Models and Public Policy Studies

Models

The Uses and Forms of Models

Criteria for Evaluating Models

Some Examples of Models

Steps in Building Conceptual Models

Typologies

Criteria for Evaluating Typologies

Where Do We Go From Here?

Discussion Questions

Suggested Readings

Notes

Part II. Analysis in the Policy Process

5. Agenda Setting

The Nature of Policy Problems

Types of Agendas

Types of Issues

Evolution of the Literature on the Agenda-Setting Process

Who Sets Agendas?

The Elitist Perspective

The Pluralist Perspective

The Subgovernment Perspective

Summary

Case Study

Superfund

Acid Rain

The Problem of Nondecisions

Conclusions

Discussion Questions

Suggested Readings

Notes

6. Policy Formulation

The Nature of Policy Solutions

Actors in Policy Formulation

Governmental Agencies

The Presidency

Congress

Interest Groups

Explaining Policy Formulation

The Rational-Comprehensive Model

The Incremental Model

The Systems Model

Case Study

At-Sea Incineration of Toxic Waste

Two Additional Models of Decision Making

Groupthink

Garbage Can Model

The Evolution of our Understanding of Policy Formulation

Summary

Discussion Questions

Suggested Readings

Notes

7. Policy Implementation

The Concept of Policy Implementation

Who Implements Policy?

Techniques of Policy Implementation: The Use of Markets

The Evolution of Policy Implementation Research

Case Studies, 1970–75

Policy Implementation Frameworks, 1975–80

Applications of the Frameworks, 1980–85

Syntheses and Revisions, 1985–Present

Where Are We Now? The Current Status of Implementation Research

Where are we Going? Toward a Third Generation of Research

Case Study

Implementation Failure: The Federal, State, and Local Response to Hurricane Katrina

Summary

Discussion Questions

Suggested Readings

Notes

8. Policy Evaluation

The Concept of Policy Evaluation

The Evolution of Evaluation Research

What Does Evaluation Research Study?

Types of Policy Evaluation

Who Does Evaluation?

Research Designs in Evaluation Research

Problems in Evaluating the Impact of Public Policy

Case Study

Compensatory Education

Summary

Discussion Questions

Suggested Readings

Notes

9. Policy Change and Termination

The Concept of Policy Change

Some Reasons for Change

Types of Policy Change

Models of Policy Change

Case Study

Intergovernmental Relations and Ocean Policy Change: 1971–85

The Concept of Policy Termination

Types of Termination

Approaches to Termination

Reasons for Termination and Types of Terminators

Some Rules for Would-Be Terminators

Summary

Discussion Questions

Suggested Readings

Notes

Part III. Analyzing Public Policy Choices

10. Educational Policy

Education in America

The Locus of Educational Policymaking

Federal Government

State Governments

The Local Role

Other Actors in Educational Policy

Teachers

The Courts

Approaches to Educational Policy

The Liberal (Structural) View

The Conservative (Individualist) View

The Evolution of Educational Policy

The 1960s and 1970s: Inadequate Resources and Compensatory Education

The 1980s: Poor Student Performance and Back to Basics

The 1990s: Market Reforms

Summary

Discussion Questions

Suggested Readings

Notes

11. Welfare Policy

Poverty in America

Defining Poverty

Who Are the Poor?

Alternative Perspectives on Welfare Policy

The Liberal (Structural) View

The Conservative (Individualist) View

The Evolution Of Welfare Policy

The Elizabethan Poor Laws

The Political Machine

The Great Depression of 1929

Welfare Reforms, 1960–96

Structures of Welfare Policy

Preventive Strategy: Social Insurance

Alleviative Strategy: Welfare Assistance

Evaluating The Impact of Social Welfare Programs

Welfare in The New Century

Discussion Questions

Suggested Readings

Notes

12. Environmental Policy

The Evolution of Environmental Politics and Policy

The Conservation-Efficiency Movement, 1890–1920

The Conservation-Preservation Movement, 1920–60

The Environmental Movement, 1960–90

Environmental Policy and Politics in the New Century: A New Federalism?

The States’ Response to a New Environmental Federalism

The Future of Environmental Politics and Policy

The Progressives

The Strugglers

The Delayers

The Regressives

Summary

Discussion Questions

Suggested Readings

Notes

Part IV. Conclusions

13. Utilizing Policy Analysis

Using Policy Analysis

Defining Knowledge Utilization: Previous Research

Some Criticisms of Previous Research

Obstacles to Knowledge Use

Contextual Factors

Technical Factors

Human Factors

Knowledge Utilization: A Conceptual Framework

Contextual Inducements and Constraints

Technical Inducements and Constraints

User Attitudes as Inducements and Constraints

Some Summary Observations and Implications for Future Research

Discussion Questions

Suggested Readings

Notes

14. Taking Stock: The Evolution of Public Policy in America

Changes in American Public Policy

Should Government Act?

What Values Should Governments Pursue?

What Actions Should Government Take?

Which Level of Government Should Govern?

A Blurring of Lines

Summary

Index

 

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